F-35 Landing Speed - The latest shipment home from the Lightning means the UK has now received 30 fifth-generation F-35 fighter jets.
This means there are now 26 F-35s operating in the UK - three test aircraft are in the US and one was lost after crashing out of the cockpit of HMS Queen Elizabeth.
F-35 Landing Speed
Recently, Royal Air Force F-35Bs landed in Estonia in support of NATO's enhanced air surveillance mission along the alliance's eastern flank.
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In March 2020, Defense Secretary Jeremy Quinn said the F-35B would cost $115 million (about £88.8 million using March 2020 UK government exchange rates), covering airframe and engine costs.
The figure "represents a 24 percent price reduction from our first aircraft order," he said, expecting the "downward trend" in prices to continue.
Its top speed is Mach 1.6 or 1200 mph – 1.6 times the speed of sound – and its maximum thrust reaches 40,000 lbs.
Lightning has a maximum G rating of 7G, which is comparable to the G force experienced by Apollo 16 during its re-entry to Earth (7.19g).
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A lift fan mounted behind the F-35B cockpit enables the aircraft to perform short take-offs and vertical landings (STOVL).
Single-engine single-engine fighters with integrated sensors are used to conduct missions and operations from the Royal Navy's Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers.
Unlike previous generation fighter jets, the Lightning is designed to carry its weapons internally, reducing drag and its radar signature.
Depending on the mission, typical F-35B armament consists of a 25 mm cannon, two air-to-air missile bays and two additional bays for bombs up to 450 kg.
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Jet is manufactured by many different companies. Lockheed Martin is the prime contractor, BAE Systems makes about 15 of each plane, and Rolls-Royce makes the lift fan.
Lightning provides a fifth generation carrier attack capability for the Royal Navy's two largest carriers – HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales.
Instead of a traditional catapult launch, the F-35B takes off from the HMS Queen Elizabeth via a ski jump.
A jet can perform two types of landings - a vertical on deck as well as a vertical landing on a ship, which uses forward airspeed and allows thousands of pounds of additional weight to be returned to the aircraft.
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In 2021, F-35s embarked on HMS Queen Elizabeth for the deployment of Carrier Strike Group 21 (CSG21), which moved several times in response to Russian aircraft.
During the early stages of the Eastern Mediterranean deployment, F-35s were intercepted by Russian aircraft almost daily.
The jets have also been used for combat operations against the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, taking off and landing from HMS Queen Elizabeth.
Made up of RAF and Royal Navy personnel, Lightning Squadron is based at RAF Marham in Norfolk and oversees operations involving British F-35B aircraft.
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809 Naval Air Squadron, due to be established in 2023, will be the first Royal Navy formation to fly the F-35.
The F-35 program is expanding internationally to countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey, Canada, Australia, Denmark, and Norway.
Israel is said to be the first country to use the aircraft in combat, while the US conducted its first airstrike using the F-35B in 2018.
The 138 figure was explained by Sir Stephen Lovegrove as the "upper limit" of how many can be bought in 2020, with Air Marshal Richard Knighton last month reiterating the figure as "perfectly acceptable".
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In March 2021, a Defense Command document plans to increase the number of aircraft "beyond the 48 aircraft we have already ordered".
On April 26, 2022, Air Marshal Knighton told the Defense Committee that the Department of Defense "has a contract for 48 F-35Bs" and after an integrated review "they anticipate an increase of 26 more F-35Bs." The total number of flights is 74.
Air Marshal Knighton, Deputy Chief of Defense Staff (Economic and Military Capabilities) at the Ministry of Defense commented that a total of 74 aircraft would be operational, but that "around 20%" would be "under maintenance at any given time".
He added that three operational squadrons of 12 and 16 aircraft are expected to be built.
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In November 2021, the UK took delivery of three more F-35B Lightning jets into its fleet, bringing the current total to 24 – 21 at home and three in the United States.
It can only accommodate one Queen Elizabeth-class ship at a time, another in dock, and two squadrons (about 24 F-35Bs) on an aircraft carrier at a time. Home Aviation Risk and Safety High landing speeds, software, helmet and oxygen problems, and ineffective simulator training were the causes of the F-35A crash last May at Eglin
Excessive landing speeds, problems with software, helmets and oxygen, and ineffective simulator training were the causes of the crash of the F-35A at Eglin last May.
Although excessive landing speed was the primary cause of the F-35A crash, faulty flight control logic, problems with the helmet display, the aircraft's oxygen system, and ineffective simulator training all contributed.
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At 2126L on the night of May 19, 2020, an F-35A with tail number (T/N) 12-005053 crashed on Runway 30 at Eglin Air Force Base (AFB), Florida (FL). Misshop aircraft (MA) belongs to the 58th Fighter Squadron (FS), 33rd Operational Group (OG) and is assigned to the 33rd Fighter Wing. The pilot (MP) in the accident escaped safely, but suffered non-life-threatening injuries. The MA, valued at $175,983,949, overturned, caught fire and was completely destroyed.
According to Air Force Magazine, the main causes of the crash were faulty flight control logic, problems with the helmet display, the aircraft's oxygen system and ineffective simulator training, but high landing speed.
According to the Air Force Accident Investigation Board (AIB) report, 'the MP maintained a calibrated airspeed (KCAS) of 202 knots during approach and landing. The airplane reached a speed of about 50 KCAS and was about 8 degrees shallower than desired for landing at an angle of attack of 5.2 degrees. The plane landed about five seconds before the MP ejected.
"The nose of the aircraft descended at high speed and the nose section touched the runway immediately behind the main landing gear. Later, MA experienced a considerable jump in height. After the initial bounce, the MP consistently brings the club in to recover and set up the landing position. However, the MP stick inputs quickly become out of sync with the aircraft's pitch fluctuations and the aircraft's control cycles. Two seconds after touchdown, the MP stands up and grabs the rear stick, which normally raises the nose of the aircraft. After about a second of commanding the tail stick, the pilot also commanded full afterburner on the throttle. Both actions correspond to an attempt to establish a position that would allow the aircraft to take off and make a subsequent landing attempt. The horizontal stabilizers are in full deflection, which keeps the nose of the aircraft down, even if the pilot holds the rear stick for three seconds. After more and worse bounces in a failed attempt to turn, the MP let go of the stick to launch himself.
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Based on the overwhelming evidence, the AIB Chairman concluded that the crash was caused firstly by the impact of the F-35 at 202 KCAS and secondly by the collision of the F-35's tail with the aircraft's flight control surfaces. In the pilot's landing inputs, the pilot cannot recover from the aircraft's sway. The AIB chairman also found, based on the overwhelming evidence, that four additional factors significantly contributed to the accident. Significant Contributing Factors: Pilot landed at sustained speed using an alternative cross-check method Helmet display misalignment distracted the F-35 pilot during a critical phase of flight Pilot experienced cognitive decline due to fatigue and pilot error system knowledge of control logic years.
On the oxygen issue, MP reported general mental exhaustion at the end of F-35A flights. MP's experience supports new research into F-35A physiological observations known as "work of breathing." Breathing through an on-demand oxygen system appears to physically affect a pilot's cognitive abilities. These degradations affect pilots in varying degrees at the end of the flight through post-flight events.
Air Force Magazine highlighted the issue of the simulators, with the report saying, "The systems do not accurately represent the flight dynamics of the aircraft seen in this scenario." In the simulator, the aircraft was able to recover from a heavy bounce and "two members of the AIB team were also able to land" in the simulator under the same conditions.
Lockheed Martin's report on the incident "confirmed a discrepancy between the actual performance [of the Misshop aircraft] and the simulator model" and that "the pitch rate sensitivity observed in flight was not observed in the pilot simulation or in initial attempts to compare the maneuver with the offline simulation." " "
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The report states that the pilot involved in the accident "did not have the negative knowledge from the simulator to be able to save the aircraft despite the high landing speed, so this is a contributing factor".
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