Most Produced Tank - "T-54" is sent here. For the American tank prototype of the same era, see T54 (American tank). For other uses, see T54 (Disposal).
"T-55" is sent here. For the American utility carrier prototype, see M50 Ontos. For a turbine engine, see the Honeywell T55.
Most Produced Tank
The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following World War II. The first T-54 prototype was completed in Nizhny Tagil before 1945.
History Of The Tank
In the late 1950s, the T-54 eventually became the main tank of the Soviet Army's armored units, the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, and many others. The T-54 and T-55 have been involved in many of the world's armed conflicts since their introduction in the second half of the 20th century.
The T-54/55 series is the most produced tank in history. Estimated production numbers for this series range from 96,500 to 100,000. They were replaced by the T-62, T-64, T-72, T-80 and T-90 tanks in the Soviet and Russian armies, but remained. Used by up to 50 other armies around the world, some have received complex modifications.
During the Cold War, Soviet tanks never directly faced their NATO adversaries in Europe. However, the introduction of the T-54/55 in the West around the 1950s (the beginning of the Cold War) encouraged Great Britain to develop a new tank gun, the Royal Ordnance L7, and the US. The M60 tank.
The Soviet T-34 medium tank of the 1940s was considered the best balance of firepower (F-34 tank gun 76.2 mm cannon), protection and mobility for any tank of its time in the world.
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Its development never stopped during World War II and continued to perform well. However, the designers could not incorporate the latest technology or significant improvements because vital tank production could not be interrupted during wartime.
In 1943, the Morozov Design Bureau revived the pre-war T-34M development project and created the T-44 tank. Thanks to the space-efficient torsion bar suspension, the installation of a new transverse engine, and the removal of the crew position from the hull machine gunner, the T-44 had at least as much cross-country performance as the T-34, but significantly margin Better armor and a more powerful 85 mm gun.
When the T-44 was ready for production, the T-34 was also modified to fit the same gun. Although the T-44 was superior in many other ways, by this time T-34 production was in full swing and the large number of T-34's being built gave no advantage to the smaller number of the better design. The T-44 was only produced in small numbers, with approximately 2,000 completed during the war. Instead, the designers continued to experiment with the 122 mm design, using the design as a basis for other advanced guns, but ultimately decided the 100 mm gun was the best alternative.
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Attempts to fit a 100 mm gun to the T-44 showed that minor changes in design would improve the composition. The main theme was a large tower ring, which suggests that the hat is slightly wider. A prototype of the new design, about 40 centimeters (16 in) long and only 10 centimeters wide, was completed in 1945. This model looks almost identical to the original T-44, albeit with a much larger gun.
In the test, there were many defects that needed to be corrected and many changes that had to be made in the design of the vehicle. It was decided to start serial production of the new car and the car officially entered service in April 1946. It would be produced in Nizhny Tagil in 1947 and Kharkiv in 1948.
Original T-54-1. It has a turret reminiscent of the T-34-85s, with prominent, gun turrets. This example has the fder machine gun boxes replaced with fuel tanks.
Initial series production of the T-54 got off to a slow start as 1,490 modifications were made. The Red Army received a tank that was superior to the World War II design and theoretically superior to the latest tanks of the anti-Pot. The 100 mm cannon fired BR-412 series full-caliber APHE ammunition, which had better firepower than the T-34 it replaced.
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The serial production version, designated T-54-1, differs from the second T-54 prototype. It had thick armor (80 mm on the sides, 30 mm on the roof and 20 mm on the bottom).
As production increased, quality problems emerged. Production was stopped and an improved T-54-2 (Ob'yekt 137R) version was designed. Many changes were made and a new tower was installed. The new dome-shaped turret with flat sides was inspired by the IS-3 heavy tank turret. It is similar to the turret of the later T-54 but with a distinctive overhang at the rear. It also had a brief disturbance.
The fder machine guns were removed in favor of a single bow-mounted machine gun. The transmission has been modernized and the track has been widened by 580 mm. The T-54-2 was produced in 1949 at the Stalin-Ural Tank Factory. 183 (Uralvagonzavod). In 1951, a second modernization was made, designated the T-54-3 (Ob'yekt 137Sh), which had a new turret without side mines, and a new TSh-2-22 telescope instead of the TSh-20. Gun sight. The tank had a TDA smoke production system. A command version was built, the T-54K (komandirskiy), with a second R-113 radio.
In the early 1950s, employees of the OKB-520 Design Bureau of the Stalin-Ural Tank Factory. 183 (Uralvagonzavod) has changed significantly. Morozov was elected to replace Kolenko, who in turn was succeeded by Leonid N. Kartsev in March 1953. The first decision of the new designer was to equip the 100mm D-10T tank gun with the STP-1 "Gorizont" vertical stabilizer. The new tank gun was designated the D-10TG and was mounted on the T-54 turret.
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The new tank received night vision equipment for the driver and was designated the T-54A (Ob'yekt 137G). Originally, it had a small anti-torque weight, which was later replaced by a smoke extractor. It is equipped with an OPVT wading breather, a TSh-2A-22 telescopic sight, a TVN-1 infrared driver periscope and IR light, a new R-113 radio, a multi-stage gen air filter and a gun to improve efficiency. Radiator controls. , an electric fuel pump, a bilge pump, an automatic fire extinguisher and additional fuel tanks.
The tank officially ceased production in 1954 and service in 1955. It served as the basis for the T-54AK command tank, with an additional R-112 radio (front-line tanks were equipped with the R-113 radio), the TNA-2. A navigation tool. , the ammunition load for the main gun was reduced by 5 rounds and the AB-1-P/30 charging unit, which was produced in small numbers. In October 1954, the T-54A tank was renamed T-54M (Ob'yekt 139) for the new D-54T and D-54TS 100 mm samobor guns and "Radoga" and "Mulnya" stabilization systems. Served as a test bed. Later used on the T-62. These were not entirely successful, so further development of the T-55 continued to use the D-10 series guns. It was fitted with a V-54-6 engine that developed 581 hp. (433 kW). It never entered production.
A new version, based on the T-54A, designated the T-54B (Ob'yekt 137G2), was designed in 1955. It was fitted with the STP-2 "Tsyklon" 2 aircraft stabilizer along with the new 100mm D-10T2S tank gun. . . It started production in 1957. During the last four months of production, the new tanks were equipped with the L-2 "Luna" infrared searchlight, the TPN-1-22-11 IR gun sight, and the OU-3 IR searchlight. commander Modern APFSDS ammunition has been developed, dramatically disrupting the gun's penetration performance to keep it competitive with NATO's armor-piercing developments. The T-54B served as the basis for the T-54BK command tank, which had the same additional equipment as the T-54AK command tank.
Nuclear bomb tests showed that the T-54 could survive a 2-15 kt nuclear charge at distances greater than 300 meters (980 ft) from the epicenter, but the crew could survive at least 700 meters (2,300 ft). to do . It was decided to develop an NBC (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) protection system that would start working 0.3 seconds after the detection of gamma rays.
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The task of creating a basic PAZ (Protivoatomnaya Zashchita) NBC protection system offers protection against the explosion of nuclear weapons and filtering (radioactive) particles, but not against external gamma rays or gas,
Delivered to the KB-60 project office in Kharkiv and completed in 1956. It was decided to increase the capabilities of the tank by changing its construction and introducing new production technologies. Many of these modifications were initially tested on the T-54M (Ob'yekt 139).
The tank is fitted with a new V-55 12-cylinder four-stroke single-cam, 38.88-liter water-cooled diesel engine developing 581 hp. (433 kW). Gin power is increased by increasing fuel delivery and charge grade pressure. The designers planned to introduce a heating system for the engine compartment and an MC-1 diesel fuel filter. The engine must be started pneumatically using the AK-150S charger and electric starter. this
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